Synchronization that ensures controlled access to shared resources or critical sections of code by multiple threads. It prevents multiple threads from simultaneously modifying or accessing shared data, which could otherwise lead to race conditions, data inconsistency, or corruption. Synchronization ensures thread safety by allowing only one thread to access a critical section at a time. When to Use Synchronization? Shared Resources: Multiple threads access or modify a shared resource (e.g., a variable, file, or database). Race Conditions: There’s a risk of threads interfering with each other due to non-atomic operations. Thread Coordination: Threads need to communicate or depend on each other in a specific sequence. Critical Sections: A section of…